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When arrows ruled the battlefields
Contrary to the image of the katana duel, wars in medieval Japan were primarily projectile affairs. A serial analysis of battle reports(kassen chūmon) and reward petitions(gunchūjō) between 1333 and 1600 shows that 73% to 75% of recorded injuries were caused by arrows and other shots; hand weapons, including sabers, caused only around 25% to 27%. This result, established by Thomas D. Conlan, reminds us that yumi and kyūjutsu structure the warrior ethos, called kyūba no michi, "way of the horse and bow". Lineages such as the Ogasawara-ryū perpetuate its memory, born in the XIIIᵉ-XIVᵉ centuries. On the battlefields of the XIVᵉ to XVIᵉ centuries, the sword often finished what the arrows had started.
Sources:
. Thomas D. Conlan, Instruments of Change, in War and State Building in Medieval Japan, Stanford University Press, 2010 (pdf)
. Thomas D. Conlan, Strategy and Warfare in Ancient and Medieval Japan, 2024 (pdf)
. 小笠原流 公式サイト, 弓馬術の歴史